RA 8293 Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE AND ESTABLISHING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE, PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

 LawPhil, 1997

The term “intellectual property rights” consists of:

• Copyright and Related Rights;

• Trademarks and Service Marks;

• Geographic Indications;

• Industrial Designs;

• Patents;

• Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits; and

• Protection of Undisclosed Information (n, TRIPS).

The scheme of penalties for infringement has also been changed.  From the previous fine of Php200 to Php2,000 and/or imprisonment of 1 year, the current range of penalties are as follows: 

•   For first offenders – fine of PhP50,000 to PhP150,000 and/or imprisonment of 1 to 3 years

•   For second offenders – fine of PhP150,000 to PhP500,000 and/or imprisonment of 3 to 6 years

•   For third and subsequent offenders – fine of PhP500,000 to PhP1.5 Million and/or 
•    imprisonment of 6 to 9 years.

•   In case of insolvency, the offender shall furthermore suffer subsidiary imprisonment.

REFERENCE: http://www.chanrobles.com/legal7code.htm#.XA4QQHQzbIV

                           https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8293_1997.html

RA 9995 Anti-photo & video Voyeurism Act

The Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act prohibits the following acts:

1. The unconsented taking of a photo or video of a person or group of persons engaged in a sexual act or any similar activity, or capturing an image of the private area of a person, under circumstances in which the said person has a reasonable expectation of privacy;
2. The copying or reproduction of such photo or video recording of the sexual act;
3. The selling or distribution of such photo or video recording;
4. The publication or broadcasting, whether in print or broadcast media, or the showing of such sexual act or any similar activity through VCD/DVD, the internet, cellular phones, and other similar means or devices without the written consent of the persons featured.[

Prohibitions numbered 2, 3, and 4 will still apply even if the person or persons featured in the photo or video consented to the taking of the photo or recording of the sexual act.

Penalties

The penalties for any person found guilty of violating any of the prohibitions enumerated under Section 4 of R.A. 9995 range from an imprisonment of 3 to 7 years and a fine of P100,000.00 up to P500,000.00 at the discretion of the court. Additional penalties are meted for the following violators: juridical persons, public officers or employees, and aliens.[

Juridical Persons such as Corporations and Partnerships who violate this law will have their licenses or franchises automatically revoked and their officers held liable, including the editor and reporter in the case of print media, and the station manager, editor, and broadcaster in the case of broadcast media. Public officers or employees who violate this law shall also be held administratively liable, whereas aliens who violate the law shall be subject to deportation proceedings after they serve their sentence and pay the fines imposed.

REFERENCE: https://elegal.ph/the-anti-photo-and-video-voyeurism-act-of-2009-a-primer

RA 9775 Anti-child Pornography Act

AN ACT DEFINING THE CRIME OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY, PRESCRIBING PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

LawPhil, 2009

The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, psychological and social well-being. 

The following penalties and sanctions are hereby established for offenses enumerated in this Act:

(a) Any person found guilty of syndicated child pornography as defined in Section 5 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Five million pesos (Php5,000,000.00);

(b) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(a), (b) and (c) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period and a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million (Php2,000,000.00);

(c) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(d), (e) and (f) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period and a fine of not less than Seven hundred fifty thousand pesos (Php750,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00);

(d) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(g) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its minimum period and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than Seven hundred thousand pesos (Php700,000.00);

(e) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(h) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period and a fine of not less than Three hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00);

(f) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(I) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period and a fine of not less than Three hundred thousand pesos (php300,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00);

(g) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(j) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period and a fine of not less than Two hundred thousand pesos (Php200,000.00) but not more than Three hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00);

(h) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(k) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision correccionalin its medium period and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (php100,000.00) but not more than Two hundred fifty thousand pesos (php250,000.00);

(i) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(l) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in its minimum period and a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00);

(j) Any person found guilty of violating Section 11 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its medium period and a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Three million pesos (Php3,000,000.00) and revocation of its license to operate and immediate closure of the establishment;

(k) Any ISP found guilty of willfully and knowingly failing to comply with the notice and installation requirements under Section 9 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) for the first offense. In case of subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) and revocation of its license to operate;

(l) Any mall owner-operator and owner or lessor of other business establishments including photo developers, information technology professionals, credit card companies and banks, found guilty of willfully and knowingly failing to comply with the notice requirements under Section 10 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine of not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Three million pesos (Php3,000,000.00) and revocation of its license to operate and immediate closure of the establishment; and

(m) Any person found guilty of violating Section 13 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in its minimum period and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not more than Three hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00).

REFERENCE: https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9775_2009.html

RA 8792 E-commerce Act of 2000

In its Declaration of Policy (Section 2), it is declared that “The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications technology (ICI) in nation building.

Penalties

• Hacking or cracking which refers to unauthorized access into or interference in a computer system/server or information and communication system; or any access in order to corrupt, alter, steal, or destroy using a computer or other similar information and communication devices, without the knowledge and consent of the owner of the computer or information and communications system, including the introduction of computer viruses and the like, resulting in the corruption, destruction, alteration, theft or loss of electronic data messages or electronic documents shall be punished by a minimum fine of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) and a maximum commensurate to the damage incurred and a mandatory imprisonment of six (6) months to three (3) years;
• Piracy or the unauthorized copying, reproduction, dissemination, distribution, importation, use, removal, alteration, substitution, modification, storage, uploading, downloading, communication, making available to the public, or broadcasting of protected material, electronic signature or copyrighted works including legally protected sound recording or phonograms or information material on protected works, through the use of telecommunication networks, such as, but not limited to, the internet, in a manner that infringes intellectual property rights shall be punished by a minimum fine of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) and a maximum commensurate to the damage incurred and a mandatory imprisonment of six (6) months to three (3) years;
• Violation of the Consumer Act or Republic Act No. 7394 and other relevant or pertinent laws through transactions covered by or using electronic data messages or electronic documents, shall be penalized with the same penalties as provided in those laws;
• Other violations of the provisions of this Act, shall be penalized with a maximum penalty of One Million Pesos (P1,000,000.00) or six (6) years imprisonment.

REFERENCE: http://www.mondaq.com/x/9200/Electronic+Commerce+Act+Republic+Act+No+8792

RA 8484 Access Devices Regulation Act

AN ACT REGULATING THE ISSUANCE AND USE OF ACCESS DEVICES, PROHIBITING FRAUDULENT ACTS COMMITTED RELATIVE THERETO, PROVIDING PENALTIES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

LawPhil, 1998

The State recognizes the recent advances in technology and the widespread use of access devices in commercial transactions. Toward this end, the State shall protect the rights and define the liabilities of parties in such commercial transactions by regulating the issuance and use of access devices.

Prohibited Acts. – The following acts shall constitute access device fraud and are hereby declared to be unlawful:

(a) producing, using, trafficking in one or more counterfeit access devices;

(b) trafficking in one or more unauthorized access devices or access devices fraudulently applied for;

(c) using, with intent to defraud, an unauthorized access device;

(d) using an access device fraudulently applied for;

(e) possessing one or more counterfeit access devices or access devices fraudulently applied for;

(f) producing, trafficking in, having control or custody of, or possessing device-making or altering equipment without being in the business or employment, which lawfully deals with the manufacture, issuance, or distribution of such equipment;

(g) inducing, enticing, permitting or in any manner allowing another, for consideration or otherwise to produce, use, traffic in counterfeit access devices, unauthorized access devices or access devices fraudulently applied for;

(h) multiple imprinting on more than one transaction record, sales slip or similar document, thereby making it appear that the device holder has entered into a transaction other than those which said device holder had lawfully contracted for, or submitting, without being an affiliated merchant, an order to collect from the issuer of the access device, such extra sales slip through an affiliated merchant who connives therewith, or, under false pretenses of being an affiliated merchant, present for collection such sales slips, and similar documents;

(i) disclosing any information imprinted on the access device, such as, but not limited to, the account number or name or address of the device holder, without the latter’s authority or permission;

(j) obtaining money or anything of value through the use of an access device, with intent to defraud or with intent to gain and fleeing thereafter;

(k) having in one’s possession, without authority from the owner of the access device or the access device company, an access device, or any material, such as slips, carbon paper, or any other medium, on which the access device is written, printed, embossed, or otherwise indicated;

(l) writing or causing to be written on sales slips, approval numbers from the issuer of the access device of the fact of approval, where in fact no such approval was given, or where, if given, what is written is deliberately different from the approval actually given;

(m) making any alteration, without the access device holder’s authority, of any amount or other information written on the sales slip;

(n) effecting transaction, with one or more access devices issued to another person or persons, to receive payment or any other thing of value;

(o) without the authorization of the issuer of the access device, soliciting a person for the purpose of:

1) offering an access device; or

2) selling information regarding or an application to obtain an access device; or

(p) without the authorization of the credit card system member or its agent, causing or arranging for another person to present to the member or its agent, for payment, one or more evidence or records of transactions made by credit card.

Penalties

(a) a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or twice the value obtained by the offense, whichever is greater and imprisonment for not less than six (6) years and not more than ten (10) years, in the case of an offense under Section 9 (b)-(e), and (g)-(p) which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under Section 9;

(b) a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or twice the value obtained by the offense, and imprisonment for not less than ten (10) years and for not more than twelve (12) years, in the case of an offense under Section 9 (a), and (f) of the foregoing section, which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under Section 9; and

(c) a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or twice the value obtained by the offense, or imprisonment for not less than twelve (12) years and not more than twenty (20) years, or both, in the case of any offense under Section 9, which occurs after a conviction for another offense under said subsection, or an attempt to commit the same.

REFERENCE: https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8484_1998.html

RA 9239 Optical Media Act

AN ACT REGULATING OPTICAL MEDIA, REORGANIZING FOR THIS PURPOSE THE VIDEOGRAM REGULATORY BOARD, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

WIPO, 2004

The unregulated mastering, manufacture, replication, importation and exportation of optical media in all forms is inimical to economic growth and public interest. Towards this end, the State shall institute the means to regulate the manufacture, mastering, replication, importation and exportation of optical media.

Penalties

(a) Imprisonment of at least three (3) years but not more than six (6) years, and a fine of not less than Five Hundred thousand pesos (Php 500,000.00) but not exceeding One Million five hundred thousand pesos (Php 1,500,000.00), at the discretion of the Court, shall be imposed on any person, natural or juridical

(b) Imprisonment of at least one year but not more than three years and a fine not less than one hundred thousand pesos, but not exceeding five hundred thousand pesos, at the discretion of the court, for the following offenses:

For purposes of this subsection, violators who will employ armed resistance against agents of the OMB shall be penalized under other applicable laws in addition to those provide in this Act; and

(a) Imprisonment of at least 30 days but not more than 90 days or a fine of not less than 25,000.00 pesos but not exceeding fifty thousand pesos at the discretion of the court

(b) For subsequent offenses in Section 19(a), uniform imprisonment of six (6) years but not more than nine (9) years and a fine of not less than One Million five hundred thousand pesos (Php 1,500,000.00) but not exceeding Three million pesos (Php 3,000,000.00) at the discretion of the Court, shall be imposed.

(c) For subsequent offenses in Section 19(b), uniform imprisonment of three (3) years but not more than six (6) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php 500,000.00) but not exceeding One million five hundred pesos (PHp 1,500,000.00) at the discretion of the Court, shall be imposed.

REFERENCE: https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/224874

RA 4200 Anti-wire Tapping Act

AN ACT TO PROHIBIT AND PENALIZE WIRE TAPPING AND OTHER RELATED VIOLATIONS OF THE PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

LawPhil, 1965

It shall be unlawful for any person, not being authorized by all the parties to any private communication or spoken word, to tap any wire or cable, or by using any other device or arrangement, to secretly overhear, intercept, or record such communication or spoken word by using a device commonly known as a dictaphone or dictagraph or dictaphone or walkie-talkie or tape recorder.

It shall also be unlawful for any person, be he a participant or not in the act or acts penalized in the next preceding sentence, to knowingly possess any tape record, wire record, disc record, or any other such record, or copies thereof, of any communication or spoken word secured either before or after the effective date of this Act in the manner prohibited by this law; or to replay the same for any other person or persons; or to communicate the contents thereof, either verbally or in writing, or to furnish transcriptions thereof, whether complete or partial, to any other person: Provided, That the use of such record or any copies thereof as evidence in any civil, criminal investigation or trial of offenses mentioned in section 3 hereof, shall not be covered by this prohibition.

Any communication or spoken word, or the existence, contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning of the same or any part thereof, or any information therein contained obtained or secured by any person in violation of the preceding sections of this Act shall not be admissible in evidence in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.

This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

REFERENCE: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1965/ra_4200_1965.html

RA 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act

AN ACT DEFINING CYBERCRIME, PROVIDING FOR THE PREVENTION, INVESTIGATION, SUPPRESSION AND THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

LawPhil, 2012

The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications industries such as content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic commerce, and data processing, in the nation’s overall social and economic development. The State also recognizes the importance of providing an environment conducive to the development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard the integrity of computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and databases, and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal access by making punishable under the law such conduct or conducts.

(a) Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems:

(1) Illegal Access

(2) Illegal Interception

(3) Data Interference

(4) System Interference

(5) Misuse of Devices

(6) Cyber-squatting

(b) Computer-related Offenses:

Computer-related Forgery. —

(i) The input, alteration, or deletion of any computer data without right resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic, regardless whether or not the data is directly readable and intelligible; or

(ii) The act of knowingly using computer data which is the product of computer-related forgery as defined herein, for the purpose of perpetuating a fraudulent or dishonest design.

(2) Computer-related Fraud. — The unauthorized input, alteration, or deletion of computer data or program or interference in the functioning of a computer system, causing damage thereby with fraudulent intent: Provided, That if nodamage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.

(3) Computer-related Identity Theft. – The intentional acquisition, use, misuse, transfer, possession, alteration or deletion of identifying information belonging to another, whether natural or juridical, without right: Provided, That if no damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.

(4) Libel. — The unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, committed through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future.

Penalties

Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Sections 4(a) and 4(b) of this Act shall be punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least Two hundred thousand pesos (PhP200,000.00) up to a maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both.

Any person found guilty of the punishable act under Section 4(a)(5) shall be punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) or both.

If punishable acts in Section 4(a) are committed against critical infrastructure, the penalty of reclusion temporal or a fine of at least Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) up to maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both, shall be imposed.

Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 4(c)(1) of this Act shall be punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least Two hundred thousand pesos (PhP200,000.00) but not exceeding One million pesos (PhPl,000,000.00) or both.

Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 4(c)(2) of this Act shall be punished with the penalties as enumerated in Republic Act No. 9775 or the “Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009″: Provided,That the penalty to be imposed shall be one (1) degree higher than that provided for in Republic Act No. 9775, if committed through a computer system.

Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 4(c)(3) shall be punished with imprisonment of arresto mayor or a fine of at least Fifty thousand pesos (PhP50,000.00) but not exceeding Two hundred fifty thousand pesos (PhP250,000.00) or both.

Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 5 shall be punished with imprisonment one (1) degree lower than that of the prescribed penalty for the offense or a fine of at least One hundred thousand pesos (PhPl00,000.00) but not exceeding Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) or both.

REFERENCE: https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2012/ra_10175_2012.html

1. As a Digital Citizen, I will properly observe digital ettiquete.

2. DIGITAL ETTIQUETE – it is an electronic standard of conduct or procedure. This is important because it allows us to check whether our posts are proper to post that we will not be offending others. It also reminds us on observing proper decorum in using media such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter where we must think first before we post or click the post button. Digital etiquette also includes the proper use of media as an instrument of inspiration and motivation to others through proper posts. Hence, its importance is also based on the use of media and other forms of digital things to come up with an effective post. However, its disadvantage is that not all can follow the etiquette due to different perspective, preference and environment which some lacks knowledge about it. It remains a challenge for us users due to these facts and publicity of these media.

Online test can be exemplified by Quipper because it includes educational videos and quizzes to assess the understanding of the students based on the topic discussed. Quipper serves as a virtual classroom where you have a teacher having her video discussing about the topic and you can listen at home just like having a class. After which, a quiz follows related to the discussed topic. This is important because it can allow students to review or study in advance in order to gather learning and understanding upon starting the lesson proper. This is also to give students the opportunity to learn at home and to review as well.

What Google Tool is best for you and why? You may include situation where it is helpful in work,school or community.

For me, all Google Tools are best to use in our everyday life. It is the use or characteristic that allows it to be considered as the best according to its purpose. Google Map, at the moment, is the best Google Tool since it is a way for us to locate directions, places and location of a specific area. It includes the relevant information such as the street name, the city and the roads which gives a significant contribution to the user. In my current situation, on our event called KapatiRUN 2018, I had a hard time making the route for the runners to run. It made me confused most especially on locating a correct kilometer according to the categories of the fun run. With this, through Google Map, I was able to located and find a nice route for the runners to be safe and follow the allotted kilometer for the runners according to their category. Another concrete example is me making my Filipino essay where I find it hard for some words to understand and I tend to use Google Translator to see the meaning of the word in English. Google Translator allows me to open my mind in terms of meanings and texts. I haven’t used all Google Tools yet but I believe that each of it has its importance and use to people. It is all of them as best which is helpful to our work, to the school and the community.

Share an experience that you have always tend to do but later did you discover that it is not astandard of ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY, ETHICS, AND ETIQUETTE.

(i) When I was a still a 10-year-old boy, I got my first account in Facebook wayback 2010. I was amazed on the features, games, and even advertisements that would pop upbeside the game. I often click these advertisements even without noticing the do’s and don’ts inusing social media. I also often share photos of my family, cousins and friends in public mode.As I grew up, later did I know that my actions were too public to people which I then becameaware of my actions in sharing through social media and also in advertisement. My teachersonce said that we should always look for the “x” mark or close mark in these ads in order toavoid any complications online. This idea comes along the years of me using social media suchas Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. As I grew up, I also grew my awareness and knowledge onsocial media ethics and security which I could just protect myself but also my family, friends andother people that were included in my posts. (ii) Another experience also was the time I used todownload games, softwares and movies online. When I was a young boy, I used to play ZooEmpire in our computer. Sadly, my sister deleted it because we, together with my other siblings,were very addicted to that game. Because of the delete, I diligently looked for the game in theGoogle and clicked every link I saw. Same statement also goes to softwares and movies becauseof my interest and curiosity. As I grew up, I came to the realization of me doing improperdownload of stuffs especially without licenses and money to buy. It can also lead me and ourcomputer system to complications which can be connected to technology ethics and seeing riskin doing things that I am knowledgeable especially on these situations.

Which sector (business, education, energy, health, entertainment,manufacturing, construction and etc.) do you think had the biggest impact in terms of effect ofICT in the Philippines? Give a brief statement explaining how did this sector contributed from ICT.

ANSWER #1: Business had the biggest impact in terms of ICT effect in the Philippines. ICTincludes mass communication through systems and programs where business effectively connectwith people such in Globe Company and other internet business making the company enhancedas to build connection to people in a way that it can satisfy the ones needs. It also includes theengagement of other business sectors online such as online shops through which people can alsopay and buy online. Social networking sites are used to bridge networking among people as wellas advertisements showing business. ICT allows theses sectors to efficiently connect to people indigital and technological way of approach. 

Name an application or website that helped you in your life as a person andalso tell how this application or website helped you.

ANSWER #2: Facebook, Google, Messenger and Instagram gave impact in my life. Googlehelped me in obtaining informatios, gathering data and relevant resources/references in makingschool paperworks such as Google Scholars which is relevant to use in our research where wewere able to search for journals and articles about our study, which also includes Youtube.Instagram allowed me to use my hobby in taking pictures such as views, people and events.Messenger and Facebook allows me to communicate people – especially on urgent times – and totalk with important matters especially to my parents working abroad. These applications gave arelevant contribution in my life as a person and as a student.

Thanks for joining me!

Good company in a journey makes the way seem shorter. — Izaak Walton